资料:控制系统实现_树莓派安装ROS
在树莓派上搭建ROS环境需要两步实现:
- 在树莓派上安装Ubuntu
- 基于Ubuntu安装ROS
版本选择:
- Ubuntu选用18.04
- ROS选用melodic
- 树莓派选用4b
具体实现流程如下。
1.Ubuntu安装
1.1硬件准备
树莓派
读卡器
TF卡(建议16G以及以上)
显示屏或 HDMI采集卡 以及配套的数据线
鼠标键盘
网线
1.2软件准备
1.Ubuntu18.04下载并解压,下载地址:https://ubuntu-mate.org/download/
2.win32 Disk Imager烧录软件下载并安装,下载地址:https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/
根据提示下载并安装
3.如果TF卡已有内容,在使用之前需要执行格式化,比如可以使用SD Card Formatter:
SD Card Formatter下载并安装,下载地址:https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter/
1.3系统烧录
1.将TF卡插入读卡器,读卡器插入计算机;
2.如果TF卡已有内容,请先格式化(如无数据,此步骤略过);
3.启动win32 Disk Imager,选择先行下载的Ubuntu18.04镜像并写入TF卡;
1.4系统安装
1.系统启动以及登录
取下TF卡插入树莓派,连接网线,启动树莓派,启动时是命令行界面,登陆使用默认账号密码,
默认账号:ubuntu
默认密码:ubuntu
还需要根据提示修改密码。
更改密码后,系统安装完毕,不过此时是命令行式操作,下一步需要安装桌面。
2.桌面安装
为了安装方便,建议使用ssh远程登录(需要先安装ssh,可以参考:8.5.3)
首先,调用命令: ifconfig 获取树莓派的 ip 地址;
然后,远程调用 ssh ubuntu@ip地址登录;
接下来,可以直接安装桌面,但是为了提高安装效率,建议更换下载源,使用国内资源:
阿里云源
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件,将上述资源的任意一个复制进文件。
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
最后,安装桌面环境(可选择:xubuntu-desktop、lubuntu-desktop、kubuntu-desktop)
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
3.重启桌面安装完毕
4.同步时间
默认情况下,树莓派系统时间是格林威治时间,而我们处于东八区,相差八个小时,需要将时间,设置为北京时间。
在/etc/profile文件中增加一行export TZ='CST-8' ,并使文件立即生效,执行命令:
source /etc/profile或者. /etc/profile。
2.ROS安装
在树莓派上安装ROS与PC上安装流程类似:
1.配置软件与更新
首先打开“软件和更新”对话框,具体可以在 Ubuntu 搜索按钮中搜索。打开并配置(确保勾选了"restricted", "universe," 和 "multiverse."),可参考PC实现。
2.设置安装源
官方默认安装源:
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
或来自国内中科大的安装源
sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
或来自国内清华的安装源
sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
PS:回车后,可能需要输入管理员密码
3.设置key
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
4.安装
首先需要更新 apt(以前是 apt-get, 官方建议使用 apt 而非 apt-get),apt 是用于从互联网仓库搜索、安装、升级、卸载软件或操作系统的工具。
sudo apt update
等待...
然后,再安装所需类型的 ROS:ROS 多个类型:Desktop-Full、Desktop、ROS-Base。由于在分布式架构中,树莓派担当角色较为简单,在此选择 Desktop 或 ROS-Base 安装
sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop
5.环境配置
配置环境变量,方便在任意 终端中使用 ROS。
echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
6.构建软件包的依赖关系
到目前为止,已经安装了运行核心ROS软件包所需的软件。要创建和管理您自己的ROS工作区,还需要安装其他常用依赖:
sudo apt install python-rosdep python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
安装并初始化rosdep,在使用许多ROS工具之前,需要初始化rosdep。rosdep使您可以轻松地为要编译的源安装系统依赖:
sudo apt install python-rosdep
使用以下命令,可以初始化rosdep。
sudo rosdep init
rosdep update